掌握好這五大類同義替換,雅思聽力輕松過關(guān)!
掌握好這五大類同義替換,雅思聽力輕松過關(guān)!
雅思考試不論聽說讀寫哪一科,都會以各種形式考察考生的詞匯資源(lexical resource)。詞匯資源,除了我們通常想起的詞匯量之外,更多是指考生使用詞匯的豐富程度,以及辨識同義替換的能力。在雅思聽力中,考生聽題時如果能快速識別出聽力內(nèi)容和題目中對應(yīng)的同義替換,要考出亮眼的聽力成績會容易很多。那么,什么是同義替換?同義替換在聽力考試中有哪些類別,以及聽題時又是怎么通過識別同義替換來吧題做對的?我們來一睹究竟吧!
同義替換,顧名思義就是同一個意思的不同表達(dá)形式。做聽力題時,辨識同義替換有以下作用:
1. 幫助考生快速定位錄音行進(jìn)的位置;
2. 定位到信號詞以及答案。
在雅思聽力只放一遍錄音的情況下,考生如果能通過快速識別同義替換把題做對,表明考生具備快速的反應(yīng)能力和充足的詞匯儲備,也意味著考生在國外生活和學(xué)習(xí)時能夠比較準(zhǔn)確的聽懂外國人說話。所以掌握同義替換對于我們聽懂外國人的話,和把聽力題做對,都十分重要。
那么,雅思聽力中的同義替換都有哪些形式呢?
常見的同義替換有以下五類:
1. 近義詞;
2. 短語與短語;
3. 上下義詞;
4. 解釋說明;
5. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
下面一起來看看劍橋雅思題中的例子,了解下怎樣通過不同形式的同義替換解出正確答案的。
1.近義詞
出處:劍12 Test 6 Section 4
文章標(biāo)題Conflict at work
Question 33
填空題Also caused by differences in ____________ between people。
對應(yīng)聽力原文: in some cases one person simply dislikes the other, on the basis that the personality of one is in some way incompatible with that of the other person.
我們可以在讀題的時候可以預(yù)測到空缺的內(nèi)容是一個名詞,并且通過differences in可知答案是指有不同的某個“方面”。聽力原文中的incompatible [??nk?m?pæt?bl] “矛盾的”對應(yīng)題目中的differences,caused by “由于”對應(yīng)原文中的on the basis that “基于”,因此我們可以判斷本題填personality.
2. 短語與短語
出處:劍14 Test 1 Section 2
Questions 13 and 14. Choose Two letter, A-E
Which Two things does the manager say mentors can help with?
A confidence-building
B making career plans
C completing difficult tasks
D making a weekly timetable
E reviewing progress
對應(yīng)聽力原文: They’ll be asking you about what goals you’ve achieved so far, as well as helping you to identify any areas for improvement. You can also discuss your more long-term ambition with them as well。
不難得知as well as前后的內(nèi)容就是答案。首先,出現(xiàn)在as well as位置之前的asking you about what goals you’ve achieved so far(討論你至今為止完成的目標(biāo)) 可以對應(yīng)到E選項的reviewing progres,所以確定E為答案之一,而出現(xiàn)在 as well as 之后的identify any areas for improvement (確認(rèn)任何可以改進(jìn)的方面)以及 long-term ambition(長遠(yuǎn)的志向)可以對應(yīng)到B選項making career plans,所以確定B選項也是答案。因此本題選B和E。
3. 上下義詞
出處:劍 13 Test 1 Section 2
文章標(biāo)題 Traffic changes in Granford
Question 12 選擇題。
In a survey, local residents particularly complained about
A. dangerous driving by parents
B. pollution from trucks and lorries
C. inconvenience from parked cars
對應(yīng)聽力原文: People were very concerned about the lack of visibility on some roads due to cars parked along the sides of the roads.
原文中 due to cars parked along... 和選項 C中的from parked cars對應(yīng),而 lack of visibility (缺乏可見度)為inconvenience(不便)的下義詞,即lack of visibility涵蓋在inconvenience的意思范圍內(nèi),兩者形成意思上的對應(yīng),因此該題選C選項。
4.解釋說明
解釋說明是指題干中出現(xiàn)一個較大的或較抽象的概念的詞,聽力原文中沒有直接說出這個詞,而是用一段話來解釋,將所表述的概念或者事物更加具體化,或者是用一個或者多個比較通俗易懂的例子來解釋說明。
出處:劍12 Test 8 Section 2
Question 11
Which is the most rapidly-growing group of residents in the Sheepmarket area?
A. young professional people
B. students from the university
C. employees in the local market
聽力對應(yīng)原文: Now graduates embarking on careers in the worlds of fashion and design are buying up the new apartments recently built here to replace the small houses where the market workers used to live.
原文中 graduates embarking on careers in the worlds of fashion and design 為選項A young professional people的解釋說明,因此該題答案為選項A。
5.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(以主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換為主)
出處:劍10 Test 1 Section 2
Question 14
The ___________ will be explained to you before you use the equipment.
聽力對應(yīng)原文:The trainer will then take you through the safety rules for using the equipment in the fitness suite.
從題目得知be explained(被解釋)的內(nèi)容和use the equipment有關(guān),和聽力原文中的the safety rules for using the equipment對應(yīng),而且題目中的 The ___________ will be explained(被動語態(tài))和 The trainer will then take you through(主動語態(tài))對應(yīng),因此得出safety rules為答案詞。上面兩個短句就是通過使用不同的語態(tài)調(diào)整了句型結(jié)構(gòu),但是意思沒有發(fā)生根本改變。
以上就是常見的聽力中出現(xiàn)的同義替換的類別,要掌握同義替換,烤鴨們做完聽題后可以按照這五大類別整理筆記。積累的同義替換越多,識別同義替換的能力越強,做題也更加得心應(yīng)手噢!
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