托福寫作技巧:巧妙使用舉例論證法

     在托福獨立寫作中，舉例法是的論證方法。舉例法通?？梢苑譃橐话阈岳C，數(shù)據(jù)類例證和名人名事引證。今天給同學們分享舉例法中數(shù)據(jù)例證在托福寫作中的運用。很多同學會有疑問，如果要使用數(shù)據(jù)來證明觀點，似乎覺得自己沒有閱讀過很多的數(shù)據(jù)類文獻，覺得手頭的數(shù)據(jù)太不真實，所以不敢往上寫。首先，給大家打消這個疑慮，這個數(shù)據(jù)真的需要親自去讀學術(shù)類的期刊嗎?不需要。我們只需要學會合理編寫數(shù)據(jù)就可以了。那同學們會問了，編的數(shù)據(jù)可靠嗎，考官會去驗證你數(shù)據(jù)的真實性嗎? 這個大家不要擔心，ETS的考官不會輕易懷疑大家所寫的數(shù)據(jù)，因為參加托?？荚嚨娜巳海邢裎覀冞@樣的普通青年，也有各個學科的大觸，所以只要你編寫的數(shù)據(jù)合理，ETS是不敢妄下判斷否定你論據(jù)的真實性的。

首先我們要有模板，

模板一：A 年份 survey/report, conducted by XX組織/XX機構(gòu)/XX大學, (after polling XX人群 aged x and x) proved that XX% a, XX% b, XX% c。

模板二：According to XX年份 surveys, conducted by XX組織/XX機構(gòu)， shows that …

其次，我們要積累編寫數(shù)據(jù)例證時常用的機構(gòu)/組織的名稱：

環(huán)保局Environmental protection agency

衛(wèi)生廳 department of public health

教育部Ministry of Education

人力資源部Human resource Department

交通局 Traffic department

數(shù)據(jù)類題目適用于哪類題目?最適用的題型是今昔對比類題目， 如下：

Twenty years from now on, people will have more leisure time than they do now。

Secondly, the working time of people has become much shorter, thus resulting in people's preference for more leisure

time. According to 1995 and 2005 surveys conducted by Human Resources Department, people worked 8 hours every day in 2005

while people in 1995 worked almost 9 hours each day. The shortened work time is caused by the wide use fo machines。

分析：

題目大意： 20年后，人們會有更多休閑時間。

人們休閑時間越來越多可以通過調(diào)查人們在1995和2005工作時長的減少反映出來。

It was easier to identify what jobs or careers were secure and successful in the past than it is now。

Additionally, a questionnaire about choosing an ideal job conducted by Career Service Center in China has surveyed two

groups of people with the first at the age of 50 and above and the second aged from 20 to 30. 58.4%. According to the

above survey, 32.5% of the first group respectively choose the option of civil servants and teachers. On the contrary,

72.4% of the second group circled the third option of other occupations such as singers, freelance writers and so on. The

difference in the two groups of figures lies in the transition of people's attitude of choosing a job 。

題目大意： 現(xiàn)在更難以去判斷一項工作是否成功。

通過一項問卷調(diào)查來說明現(xiàn)在人們打破了以前鐵飯碗的觀念，開始從事其他類別的工作，從而證明人們對于成功工作的定義變得多樣化。

Nowadays it is easier to get educated than in the past。

A 2012-report conducted by Beijing Human Resources Department: the female percentage in the occupations such as

professors, doctors, layers. Engineers grew by 80.3% compared to the days 50 years ago。

通過古今對比體面工作中女性比例的上升，來證明女性接受教育比以前要容易了。

總之，同學們要想熟練的運用數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)，就要首先記住固定的表達方式，其次，要總結(jié)常用的機構(gòu)名稱，最后，要清楚數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)適合古今對比類文章。